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Code of Conduct for United States Judges.
This Code applies to United States Circuit Judges, District Judges, Court of International Trade Judges, Court of Federal Claims Judges, Bankruptcy Judges, and Magistrate Judges. Certain provisions of this Code apply to special masters and commissioners as indicated in the "Compliance" section.
Code of Judicial Conduct.
New Jersey Supreme Court.
The New Jersey Code of Judicial Conduct includes seven canons that focus on integrity and independence, avoidance of impropriety, impartiality, improvement of the law, extra-judicial activities, and political activity.
Professionalism Codes.
American Bar Association.
This ABA resource lists professionalism codes that have been adopted by various states, local bar associations, and ABA entities for lawyers and judges.
Utah Code of Judicial Conduct.
Judicial Council Rules of Judicial Administration, Utah State Courts.
See Chapter 12 for the Code of Judicial Conduct.
Gray, Cynthia.
Ethical Standards for Judges .
American Judicature Society (2009).
This resource provides quick reference to the Model Code of Judicial Conduct adopted by the American Bar Association, providing specific citations to the canons from the 1990 model code, followed by the parallel rule from the recently revised 2007 model code. Topics covered includ judicial independence, misuse of office, courtroom demeanor, disqualification, administrative and disciplinary responsibilities, extra-judicial activities, and political and campaign activities, among others. (KF8779 G736 2009)
McKoski, Raymond J.
Charitable Fund-Raising by Judges: The Give and Take of the 2007 ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct.
Michigan State University College of Law (2008).
This resource examines guidelines and restrictions regarding judicial fundraising for charitable purposes as established by the ABA Model Code. KF8779 .M351 2008
Judicial Ethics Handbook.
Judicial Education Center of New Mexico (2008).
This comprehensive judicial ethics manual includes case law and code references with examples.
Tacoma, Kenneth L., Honorable.
"Thanks, Mike."
Michigan Bar Journal (November 2007).
In this article, Judge Kenneth L. Tacoma discusses how one attorney approached him with an issue that caused him to reconsider established practices within his courtroom.
ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct.
(February 2007).
This Web site includes links to the most recent ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct, an explanation of changes, and a table comparing the 2007 and 1990 codes of conduct.
McKoski, Raymond J.
Ethical Considerations in the Use of Judicial Stationery for Private Purposes.
Penn State Law Review, Vol. 112, No. 2 (2007).
This article reviews the ABA Model Code provisions pertaining to judicial stationery as well as the permitted uses of judicial stationery. (KF8779 M35 2007)
Implementation of the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980: A Report to the Chief Justice.
The Judicial Conduct and Disability Act Study Committee. (September 2006).
This resource provides information regarding the creation and activities of the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act Study Committee, the complaints addressed from 2001 through 2005, how the judicial branch administers the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act, and activity outside the formal complaint process and recommendations.
Shaman, Jeffrey M. et al.
Judicial Conduct and Ethics.
New York: Mathew Bender and Company (2002).
A comprehensive guide to ethics in any situation by which a lawyer, judge, or defendant may encounter a dilemma. Using excerpts from state and federal laws, the book explains how a person should act in court, how decisions should be made, and to whom different facets of ethics apply. Ethics outside of court are even covered, as the book attempts to make a complete scope of what ethics mean in today’s judicial system. (KF8779 .S52 2000)
Legal and Ethical Pro Se Issues.
American Judicature Society (August 2000).
These web pages discuss several legal and ethical issues related to pro se litigants and are a supplement to Meeting the Challenge of Pro Se Litigation: An Update of Legal and Ethical Issues, by Nancy Biro (November 1999), updated by Kerry Hill (August 2000).
Ethical Standards for Administrative Law Judges.
Lectric Law Library: State of California Tentative Recommendation (February 1996).
This recommendation proposes to adapt the California Code of Judicial Ethics (1996) to govern the hearing and nonhearing conduct of state administrative law judges.
ABA Model Rules for Judicial Disciplinary Enforcement.
(1994).
The ABA Model Rules describe the organization and structure of the disciplinary system and outline disciplinary proceedings.
Judicial Officer Benchbook.
California Municipal Court (Los Angeles Judicial District) Judge`s Education Committee (1990).
A handbook of how judicial officers are supposed to carry themselves. The book has six chapters, each focusing on a certain aspect or arena of judicial responsibility: including ethics, appointments, and guilty pleas among others. The book’s key section is its comprehensive use of precedents, each of which is discussed in how it established a certain facet of the ideal judicial officer in today’s California. (KFC971 ,L6 C35)
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Gray, Cynthia.
Developments Following Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, 536 U.S. 765 (2002).
Center for Judicial Ethics, American Judicature Society (September 2008).
This resource tracks developments among state judicial ethics committees after Republican Party of Minnesota v. White.
Judicial Campaign Ethics Handbook.
New York State Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics (2007).
This resource for judicial candidates addresses issues such as avoiding partisan poitical activity; becoming a candidate; political activity that is permissible; fund-raising and use of campaign funds; communicating with voters; involving friends, family and colleagues in judicial campaigning; and post-election fund-raising.
Judicial Campaign Conduct Committees.
(May 2002).
The ABA lists the states, counties, and localities that have active judicial campaign oversight committees or committees under formation.
Public Financing of Judicial Campaigns: Report of the Commission on Public Financing of Judicial Campaigns.
American Bar Association Standing Committee on Judicial Independence (February 2002).
This report highlights the findings of the Commission on Public Financing of Judicial Campaigns, which unanimously recommended that states that elect judges in contested elections finance judicial elections with public funds.
Goldberg, Deborah, Craig Holman and Samantha Sanchez
The New Politics of Judicial Elections.
Justice at Stake Campaign, the Brennan Center for Justice and the National Institute on Money in State Politics (February 2002).
This resource discusses how 2000 was a watershed year for big money, special interest pressure, and TV advertising in state supreme court campaigns.
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Methods of Removing State Judges.
American Judicature Society.
This article provides an overview of the methods of removing state judges and how those methods differ from state to state.
Sample, James et al.
Fair Courts: Setting Recusal Standards.
Brennan Center for Justice, New York University School of Law (2008).
This paper discusses increasing threats to the impartiality of state courts, describes the trends undermining public confidence in the courts and offers ten proposals to strengthen the fairness and legitimacy of state recusal systems.
Flamm, Richard E.
Judicial Disqualification: Recusal and Disqualification of Judges.
Banks and Jordan Law Publishing Company (2007).
Topic areas covered in this publication include: disqualification for bias or its appearance; interest and relationship; background, experience and knowledge; judicial conduct, comments and rulings; procedure, timeliness and legal sufficiency; deciding judicial disqualification motions, disqualification in federal court; disqualification in state court; disqualification in special types of proceedings and appeal. (KF8861 .F62 2007)
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Judicial Ethics Advisory Committees.
American Judicature Society.
This American Judicature Society Web site provides links to state judicial ethics advisory committees that have Web sites.
Silverman, Scott J.
National Survey of Judicial Ethics Advisory Organizations.
Conference of County Court Judges of Florida.
A compilation of state statutes and rules for committees, commissions, and panels charged with rendering ethical opinions on judicial conduct.
State Judicial Conduct Organizations.
American Judicature Society.
This AJS Web site lists the organizations from each state established to investigate allegations of misconduct by state court judges.
David B. Rottman et al.
Table 11 - Judicial Discipline: Investigating and Adjudicating Bodies.
State Court Organization, 2004. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006).
This 50-state summary identifies the judicial disciplinary investigating body and its composition, the adjudicating body, the body with which any appeals are filed, the final disciplining body, and the point at which reprimands are made public.
Gray, Cynthia.
Handbook for Members of Judicial Conduct Commissions: How Judicial Conduct Commissions Work-Ethical Standards for Judges.
Chicago: American Judicature Society (1999).
This resource discusses one- and two-tiered judicial conduct commissions. (KF8779.G729 1999)
Practices and Procedures of State Judicial Conduct Organizations.
Chicago: American Judicature Society (1990).
This resource describes the process a judicial conduct commission uses to address complaints made about judges. (KF8707 .R67 1990)
Handbook of Procedures and Forms for Judicial Conduct Organizations.
Chicago: American Judicature Society (1984).
This resource provides a detailed account of the ideal judicial conduct organization. Issues discussed include how to create a commission and the process of disciplining a judge for misconduct. The book concludes by discussing how members of these organizations should converse with the media in cases involving high profile judges. (KF8779 H3 1984)
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Kiefer, Peter and Karl Thoennes.
CourtEthics.Org.
This resource, maintained by the authors of the "A Question of Ethics" column in NACM's popular The Court Manager quarterly publication, provides links to national and international codes of ethics and ethics commentary specific to the court environment.
Greacen, John.
"Legal Information vs. Legal Advice - - Developments in the Last Five Years."
American Judiature Society.
In this article, the author discusses responses to his 1995 article on the difference between legal advice and legal information.
Your Role as a Court Employee.
Michigan Judicial Institute (2007).
A self-directed, online course that includes guidance on making ethical decisions.
Maintaining the Public Trust: Ethics for Federal Judicial Law Clerks.
Federal Judicial Center (2002).
This publication covers confidentiality, conflicts of interest, outside legal acitivites, dealings with prospective employers, outside professional, social and community activities, and receipt of gifts and honoraria. It also provides an ethics checklist for federal judicial law clerks.
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Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibilities.
National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators.
Outlines the eight canons of NAJIT: accuracy, impartiality and conflict of interest, confidentiality, limitations of practice, protocol and demeanor, maintenance and improvement of skills and knowledge, accurate representation of credentials, and impediments to compliance.
Code of Ethics for Interpreters.
Wisconsin Court System.
This Web site outlines the Wisconsin code and provides commentary. Topics include: accuracy and completeness, representation of qualifications, impartiality and avoidance of conflict of interest, professional demeanor, confidentiality, restriction on public comment, scopre of practice, assessing and reporting of impediments to performance, duty to report ethical violations, and professional development.
Code of Ethics for the Court Employees of California.
California Judicial Council.
This California code provides guidelines for twelve tenets of employee ethics: impartiality, personal integrity, professionalism, confidentiality, impropriety, appearance of impropriety, prohibition against giving legal advice, duty to serve, competency, discrimination, harassment, and technology.
U.S. Federal Courts Codes of Conduct for Judicial Employees.
U.S. Administrative Office of the Courts.
These Web pages provide the code of conduct for judicial employees of the U.S. Courts.
Model Code of Conduct for Nonjudicial Employees.
American Judicature Society (2008).
AJS provides a summary and scope for a model code of conduct for nonjudicial employees. The scope includes: guidelines for abuse of position, confidentiality, conflict of interest, political activities, performance of duties, and court managers.
Model Code of Conduct for Court Professionals.
National Association for Court Management (October 2007).
Recently approved by NACM's Board, this model code of ethics is geared toward court professionals. The code includes four canons and addresses issues regarding impropriety and the appearance of impropriety, impartiality and diligence, outside activities and conflict of interest, and inappropriate political activity.
Annotated Model Rules of Professional Conduct.
Chicago: American Bar Association, Center for Professional Responsibility, 5th Ed. (2003).
The annotations supply references from case law and other resources. This volume also contains correlation tables to facilitate reference to the ABA Model Code of Professional Responsibility. (KF305 .A2 2003)
Code of Conduct for Judiciary Employees.
Supreme Court, State of New Jersey (June 2002).
The New Jersey Supreme Court has adopted a code of conduct for judiciary employees that includes eight canons: Performance of Duties; Protection of Confidential Information; Avoiding Actual or Apparent Impropriety; Avoiding Actual or Apparent Conflict of Interest; Outside Employment and Activities; Political Activities; Nepotism and Testimonials, Awards and Honors. (KF8775 .B378 2006)
Arizona Code of Conduct for Judicial Employees.
Arizona Supreme Court (August 1997).
The code provides definitions and five canons, stating that judicial employees shall uphold the integrity and independence of the judiciary, avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all their activities, perform their duties impartially and diligently, conduct their outside activities as to minimize conflicts with employment responsibilities, and refrain from inappropriate political activities.
Code of Conduct for Judicial Employees.
Alaska Legal Resource Center (January 1996).
The Alaska Code of Conduct includes sections on upholding the integrity of the judiciary, avoiding impropriety, and adhering to appropriate standards in performing duties of the office.
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ABA Center for Professional Responsibility.
American Bar Association.
This Web site provides guidance and links that address many of the legal profession's ethical dilemmas. Task forces and standing committees within the Center periodically produce reports, recommendations and revised rules.
American Inns of Court.
AIC is designed to improve the skills, professionalism and ethics of the bench and bar. An American Inn of Court is an amalgam of judges, lawyers, and in some cases, law professors and law students. Each Inn meets approximately once a month to hold programs and discussions on matters of ethics, skills and professionalism.
American Judicature Society.
The AJS promotes judicial ethics education, as well as a fair and effective system of judicial discipline. It provides a national directory of judicial conduct organizations, a clearinghouse service for data concerning judicial discipline, descriptions of courses available through its National College on Judicial Conduct and Ethics, and a selection of in-depth articles, such as "An Ethics Guide for Part-Time Lawyer Judges“ and “Key Issues in Judicial Ethics."
Center for Ethics in Government.
National Council for State Legislatures.
Maintained by the NCSL, the Center Web site includes links to state ethics laws, ethics-training resources and ethics committees.
United States Office of Government Ethics.
The OGE provides information on the latest developments in the Office of Government Ethics, laws and regulations, advisory opinions, training modules and seminars, forms, and publications. Technical assistance for ethics is also available.
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ETHICSearch.
Center for Professional Responsibility, American Bar Association.
This Web site provides links to relevant ABA rules and opinions and other resources. Lawyers may also e-mail their ethics questions and receive citations to legal authorities that should help answer their questions.
National Organization of Bar Council.
This organization provides a semiannual compilation of ethics cases and includes the complete staff roster of every state ethics agency and a collection of links to notable ethics sites.
Task Force on the Model Definition of the Practice of Law.
Center for Professional Responsibility, American Bar Association.
This Task Force Web site includes the final recommendation and report on the definition of the practice of law, and maintains links to other useful information, such as state by State Definitions of the Practice of Law, and correlating codes.
Carter, Terry.
"Bounced from the Bar."
ABA Journal 56 (October 2003).
Lawyers disbarred in one state can find their way back into the practice of law by relocating to another state. This article provides a list of states with permanent disbarment among their disciplinary options, as well as descriptions of other states' requirements for reinstatement.
McCauley, James M.
"Current Ethical and Unauthorized Practice Issues Relating to Endeavors to Assist Pro Se Litigants."
Access to Legal Services (December 2002).
This article discusses unauthorized practice of law considerations, ethical concerns with regard to unbundling legal services, and legal advice vs. legal information.
Creamer, Robert A.
"Form Over Federalism: The Case for Consistency in State Ethics Rules Formats."
Professional Lawyer (Spring 2002).
Creamer discusses the different ways in which state ethics rules are organized, and includes six conventions for consistency to prevent confusion in numbering and to promote ease in inserting state-specific or new material.
Hannaford, Paula.
" National Action Plan on Lawyer Conduct: A Role for the Judge in Improving Professionalism in the Legal System."
Court Review (Fall 1999).
For the past several years, professionalism and legal ethics have emerged as high priority items on the policy agendas of the legal community at virtually every level of organization.
A National Action Plan on Lawyer Conduct and Professionalism.
Conference of Chief Justices (1999).
The Conference of Chief Justices' Report of the Working Group on Lawyer Conduct and Professionalism is available online and in the NCSC library. The library copy also includes a report on the conference on Regulatory Authority over the Legal Profession and the Judiciary: The Responsibility of State Supreme Courts, which includes information on the role of state courts of last resort in handling matters of professionalism with lawyers and with judges. (KF308 .N25 1999)
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ABA Commission on Lawyer Assistance Programs.
American Bar Association.
The Commission's Web site features links to its newsletter, a Directory of Local Programs with contact information and Internet addresses for Lawyer Assistance Programs in all 50 states, and Chemical Dependency and Self-Help Sites to help lawyers and others with dependency issues or other needs.
Lawyers Helping Lawyers.
This Virginia program provides confidential, non-disciplinary help for lawyers, judges, law students, and their family members with substance abuse or mental health problems.
Lawyers with Depression.com.
This Web site is dedicated to helping laywers and judges suffering from depression address the peculiarities of legal practice or sitting on the bench while taking steps to address depression.
Edwards, Timothy D. and Gregory J. Van Rybroek.
Addiction and Attorneys: Confronting the Denial.
Wisconsin Lawyer, 80, No. 8 (August 2007).
Lawyers and other professional groups are becoming increasingly open about discussing addiction and other mental health issues. In this article, the authors debunk myths about addiction, and explain how addiction affects lawyers and what treatment options are available for recovery.
Clark, John W.
"We`re from the Bar, and We`re Here to Help You."
GPSolo, 21, No. 7 (October 2004).
This is a brief history of the lawyer-assistance program (LAP) and a description of the many services available through such programs.
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