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ABA Fairness in the Courts.
Sponsored by the ABA Section of Litigation's Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Bias in the Courts Task Force, this website is devoted to countering gender, racial and ethnic bias in the courts. It features remedies used by courts, local bar associations and individual lawyers; an electronic meeting place for sharing ideas about ending bias in the courtroom.
National Consortium on Race and Ethnic Fairness.
The National Consortium is committed to encouraging states to examine the treatment accorded minorities in their courts; sharing the collective knowledge of task forces and commissions with courts, law enforcement, and the community; and providing technical assistance and expertise to commissions, task forces, and other interested organizations and individuals on the subject of racial and ethnic fairness. This court organization is managed by the NCSC, meets yearly and provides training and networking opportunities.
Report a Bias Related Incident.
Pennsylvania Inter-Agency Task Force on Civil Tension.
Provides information on reporting a bias-related incident. Agency is committed to preventing and responding to bias-related incidents in the state of Pennsylvania.
Martin, W. and P. Thompson.
"Removing Bias from the Minnesota Justice System."
Bench and Bar of Minnesota (2002).
This article discusses racial bias in the Minnesota Justice System describes the attempts to eliminate racial and ethnic bias from its court system through the efforts of the state court system, the Minnesota Supreme Court, and the state's Racial Bias Task Force.
Gender Bias in Jury Selection.
Pennsylvania Supreme Court (2001).
The Final Report of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court Committee on Racial and Gender Bias in the Justice System includes a Chapter on gender bias in jury selection; See Chapter 3. The text presents the Committee's investigation into the barriers faced by residents of Pennsylvania, specifically women, when serving on juries in the state; these barriers include access to appropriate childcare, travel accommodations, economic impacts, and the psychological effects of a jury experience.
Justice for All -- Bias-Free Behavior and Language in Our Courts.
West Virginia Supreme Court Task Force on Gender Fairness in the Courts (May 2000).
An informational booklet for the courts on promoting non-prejudiced language and behavior by encouraging readers to recognize bias, take important steps to avoid bias, use bias-free language and deal with bias in courtrooms properly and professionally.
Resinek, Judith.
"Asking about Gender in the Courts."
Signs 21: 952 (Summer 1996).
This article examines recent trends in gender bias research among courts, with special attention to the task force movement.
Wikler, Juliet and Lynn Hect Schafran.
"Learning From The New Jersey Supreme Court Task Force On Women In The Courts: Evaluation, Recommendations And Implications For Other States."
Women`s Rights Law Reporter 12, no. 4: 313 (1991).
This article presents the findings of the NJ task force on subject areas including courtroom interactions, substantive areas of the law, bar associations, and creating public awareness.
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Shafran, Lynn Hecht and Norma J. Wickler.
Gender Fairness in the Courts: Action in the New Millennium.
National Judicial Education Program, A project of NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund in cooperation with the National Association of Women Judges (2001).
This implementation strategy manual discusses: key components to achieve and secure gender fairness in the courts, strengthening gender bias task forces and implementation standing committees as vehicles for reform, and integrating gender fairness concerns into court planning and reform initiatives.
Guidelines for Gender Neutral Courtroom Procedures.
The Texas Center for Legal Ethics and Professionalism (2001).
Contains information on recognizing gender bias, how gender bias is manifested in the courtroom, suggested ways to avoid gender bias, and responsibility for eliminating gender bias in the courtroom.
Handbook on Gender Equality in the Courts: A Guide for All New Mexico Courts.
State Bar of New Mexico Committee on Women in the Legal Profession and the New Mexico Supreme Court (October 2000).
The combined work of the NM Committee and Supreme Court has produced this guidebook which provides information on identifying gender bias in the courtroom, examples of such prejudice, and suggestions for improving conditions in gender conditions in courtrooms.
Shafran, Lynn Hecht, Norma J. Wickler and Jill Crawford.
The Gender Fairness Strategies Project: Implementation Resources Directory.
National Judicial Education Program, A project of NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund in cooperation with the National Association of Women Judges (1998).
A complete guide to implement gender fairness strategies with information concerning available resources, useful substantive law areas, and successful collaboration with other legal professionals.
Gender Bias: Guidelines for Judicial Officers -- Avoiding the Appearance of Bias.
California Judicial Council, Judicial Advisory Committee on Access and Fairness, with the assistance of the Orange County Bar Association Gender Equality Committee (August 1996).
This article identifies gender bias through presenting common examples of the practice, while also rationalizing the necessity in ceasing its practice.
Guide to Bias Free Behavior in the Courts.
Michigan State Court Administrative Office (1994).
This Web site provides information for the Michigan State Court on the history of bias in the courts, helpful suggestions for improvements, rights and responsibilities of court employees, and recent complaints about the legal system.
Shafran, Lynn Hecht.
Planning for Evaluation: Guidelines for Task Forces on Gender Bias in the Courts.
Women Judges` Fund for Justice (1989).
Article explains the individual aspects of gender bias task force evaluation, making appropriate recommendations concerning the evaluation, and evaluating action taken following the recommendations of the task force.
Shafran, Lynn Hecht and Norma J. Wickler.
Operating a Task Force on Gender Bias in the Courts: A Manual for Actions.
Washington, DC: The Foundation for Women Judges (1986).
This manual presents a format for other women's organizations to operate their own task force on state and local court systems, including information on the start-up process, data collection, formulating findings after results are tabulated, and implementing reforms.
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A Judge`s Guide to Bias Free Court Proceedings.
Minnesota Gender Fairness Implementation Committee (2000).
This report draws attention to the seriousness of biases in the courtroom and emphasizes specific biased behaviors which were reported in the Minnesota Court system. The report goes onto to provide examples of unbiased language in written decisions and general techniques to combat biases in the courtroom. (KFM5910.5 .D5 J83)
Handbook on Gender Equality in the Courts: A Guide for All New Mexico Courts.
Supreme Court of New Mexico (2000).
This Handbook was created in response to the findings and recommendations made by the Task Force on Women and the Legal Profession. This Handbook is intended to serve as a guide to creation of a bias-free environment in which all participants can function without fear of reprisal. (KFN3691.W6 H36 2000)
Marshall, Margaret H.
Report on the Celebration of Ten Years of Progress Toward Gender Equality in the Massachusetts Courts and Speak out on Positive Directions for the New Millennium.
Boston, MA: Administrative Office of the Courts (2000).
This report highlights remarks from members of the Gender Equality Advisory Board regarding the progress of the committee in the past 10 years. An agenda for furthering equality into the next millennium is outlined at the end of the report. (KFM2491 .W6 R474 2000)
Flores, Carmen.
The Court as Employer: Best Practices for Ensuring a Bias Free Environment and Attaining a Diverse Workforce.
New Jersey Courts (2000).
This report highlights the practices and guidelines created by the New Jersey Courts for the Consortium's Twelfth Annual Meeting to eliminate racial and ethnic biases in the courts. (KFN2310.5 A3 F58)
Mills, Linda G.
A Penchant for Prejudice: Unraveling Bias in Judicial Decision Making.
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (1999).
Discusses unraveling bias, a mandate for a uniform and affective justice, uniformity and affectivity, disengaging discourses, signifiers of stereotyping, and planning for prejudice. (KF3650.5 M55 1999)
When Bias Compounds: Insuring Equal Justice for Women of Color in the Courts.
New York, NY: National Judicial Education Program to Promote Equality for Women and Men in the Courts (1998).
Discusses the implications of stereotypes for women of color in the courts, the intersection of race and gender and its implications for the law, findings of the task forces on racial and ethnic bias in the courts respecting women of color, women of color attorneys in the courts and the profession, stereotypes about African American women and implications for the courts, controlling the courtroom and the courthouse, women of color as victims of gender-based violence, action planning, and the cultural defense and cultural evidence. (KF478 .W53 1998)
Gender Bias: Guidelines for Judicial Officers: Avoiding the Appearance of Bias.
California Judicial Council Advisory Committee on Access and Fairness. San Francisco, CA: The Judicial Council (1996).
This booklet is an educational tool intended to help implement the recommendations from the report "Achieving Equal Justice for Women and Men in the California Courts." Cartoons, interesting examples, and step-by-step procedures for real world courtroom events help make this booklet informative and useful in the judiciary. (KFC77.6 .G4 G46)
Gender Bias in the Legal Profession: Breaking the Glass Ceiling.
The Washington Women Lawyers and The Washington State Supreme Court`s Gender and Justice Implementation Committee (1992).
This report highlights the practical solutions created in the Gender Bias Seminar regarding decimation in many facets of the legal profession. The seminar addressed many significant concerns raised by women attendees regarding the difficulties women experience in the legal profession. (KFW77.5 G4 G46)
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Let Justice be Done [videorecording].
Atlanta, GA: Georgia Supreme Court Commission on Equality (1997).
(KFG510 .L48)
Gender and Justice: Approaching the Bench [videorecording].
Connecticut Judicial Branch Office of the Chief Court Administrator. Hartford, Connecticut (1993).
This educational program begins with a 25 minute video designed to highlight biases in the courtroom and the relevance of this topic for judicial audiences. The second portion is a Program Guide which describes how to develop a training seminar incorporating the video and suggests approaches to raising awareness of fairness issues in court systems. (KFC3677.5 G4 G46)
Keeping the Blindfold On: Creating a Gender Neutral Court [videorecording].
Reno, NV: The National Judicial College (1993).
(KF478 W431 1993)
A Judicial Approach to Gender Bias [videorecording].
Canada: Western Judicial Education Center (1991).
(KE8218 .J83 1991)
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